A decrease of vaccinations across Europe brought with it 26,000 cases of measles in 2011.
Taking into account our results and the subtypes of HPV infection that can be prevented by the vaccine, the incidence of OSSN should not be expected to decrease because of vaccination.
Furthermore, functional limitations, such as requiring assistance for bathing for example, have been demonstrated to be associated with a decreased likelihood of vaccination, even in aged persons free of comorbid conditions.
A decrease in costs of vaccination, e.g. by 50% per vaccine dose and to 5.20 Euros administration costs, lowers the ICER by 63%.
There is, however, plenty of research showing how infant and child mortality has decreased because of vaccinations.
Varicella incidence decreases after introduction of vaccination, while HZ incidence may increase or decrease depending on whether or not immune boosting is present.
Increasing the length of time to administer the first vaccine dose in all age groups from two to six weeks decreased the effectiveness of vaccination programs when the epidemic peak was in December or January, but did not have an effect when the peak occurred earlier (Figure S1).
The immune as well as the endocrine system experiences profound changes with aging, thereby increasing the susceptibility to infectious diseases (Gavazzi & Krause, 2002) and decreasing the efficacy of vaccination (Grubeck-Loebenstein et al., 1998).
First, the total incidence in the vaccinated age groups will decrease as a result of vaccination.
Vaccination rates of >80% would be expected to induce herd protection via decrease in nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccination serotypes [ 30, 31].
