Farmers in many Asian countries are moving from puddled-transplanted rice to dry-seeded rice systems as they respond to increased costs or decreased availability of labor or water.
At times, by allowing workers to benefit from bargaining outcomes even if they are not union members, they may decrease the representativeness, and by implication the legitimacy, of unions and, by so doing, decrease the quality of labor relations.
In the pro-manufacturing campaign, he's speaking to unionized crowds, but he's not directly defending what unions, at their apex, have done--which is to increase, not decrease, the cost of labor to corporations.
Therefore, strengthening the mediatory capacity of arbitration institutions resulted in the decrease of massive collective labor disputes, but not the direct decrease of small-scale collective labor disputes.
Ms. Field exploits the natural experiment created by the staggered introduction of title reform in different areas of Peru to test whether granting land titles increased or decreased the amount of labor supplied by squatters.
This study was undertaken to evaluate whether the administration of meperidine decreases the length of labor in patients with a diagnosis of dystocia during the first stage of labor.
The heterogeneous effects by health status indicate that pension recipient slightly decreases the probability of labor force participation for those individuals with chronic diseases; however, the effect is not statistically significant.
Second, the directions taken by technological trajectories and aggregate demand in advanced economies seem to point toward a broad alteration of the balance of locational advantages for production fragments, decreasing the weight of labor costs and augmenting the relevance of local availability of other complementary intangible assets.
Keep in mind that the cost of manufacturing your invention will fluctuate based on the increase or decrease of materials and labor.
Amniotomy did not shorten the length of labor, decrease the need for the labor-stimulating drug oxytocin, decrease pain, reduce the number of instrument-aided births or lead to serious maternal injury or death.
