Anthropometric data showed significant decreases in body weight, body mass index, and body fat in both groups, and the fermented kimchi group showed a significant decrease in the waist-hip ratio and fasting blood glucose.
Following our retraining and clarification efforts at subsequent workshops, we also noticed a decrease in the ICCs for waist circumference and systolic blood pressure (Table 1).
A year after full implementation, analysis of the median values showed significant decrease in the HbA1c (p<0.001), waist circumference (p=0.007), WHR (p<0.001) and the 'perceived support received from family and friends' (p<0.001).
At month 12, however, the decrease in waist circumference was more pronounced in the LOGI group compared with the DGE group even when adjustments were made for fat-free mass, and sex distribution.
For both intervention and non-intervention groups, there were no major differences regarding blood pressures (both systolic and diastolic), though significantly larger BMI (p = 0.01) and waist circumference were observed at the follow up visit in the non-intervention group (p = 0.012) with a significantly decrease in waist circumference in the intervention group (p < 0.001).
Waist circumference decreased modestly in those receiving GMCBI during the active and self-management phases of the intervention while in the non-GMBI group there was a large decrease in waist circumference during the active phase with an increase in waist circumference observed during self-management.
These differences were reflected in an augmented decrease in waist circumference in the supplemented group which was evident within 4 weeks of treatment (Table 3); the supplemented group showed an approximately 3-fold greater loss of waist circumference at 4 weeks (P < 0.01, Table 3), which was sustained as a 2-fold greater loss of waist circumference at the 24-week endpoint (P < 0.01, Table 3).
These data suggest that waist circumference is decreased in response to exercise training even in the absence of weight loss but that when weight loss is present the decrease in waist circumference is significantly greater.
The MUFI group had a significant decrease in waist circumference compared to the SIFI group.
There were no significant differences between the test and control groups on waist circumference and SAG; nevertheless, a significant decrease in waist circumference was obtained from baseline in the test group, which might support the change in BFM.
