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Results are expressed as mean ± SD unless otherwise noted FEV1: Forced expiratory volume in 1 s FVC: Forced vital capacity *PC20: Concentration of inhaled methacholine causing a 20% decrease in the forced expiratory flow in 1 s.
The authors reported a <8% decrease in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) 6 and 12 months after heavy-ion therapy and rated this decrease in the FEV1 as not-severe.
IgE, serum IgE level; PND, percentage of patients with postnasal drip; PC20, methacholine concentration which induces a 20% decrease in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1); %VC, percentage of predicted value of vital capacity; %FEV1/FVC; FEV1/FVC ratio expressed by percentage.
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The PDGFR-β KO mice also showed decreased swimming in the forced swimming test (considered to be a depression-like behavior).
GSK3β heterozygous knockout mice recapitulate the behavioral effects of lithium-treated wild types, demonstrating decreased immobile time in the forced swim test, decreased exploratory behavior, and decreased amphetamine induced hyperlocomotion.
These results suggest that the MAK-induced decrease in immobility in the forced swimming test is caused by an antidepressant-like effect rather than a locomotor-enhancing effect.
At a dose that showed a significant decrease in immobility in the forced swimming test (1 g/kg), MAK did not change locomotor activity.
Similarly, LAB mice showed decreased floating time in the forced swim test relative to HAB and NAB mice (p<0.01 each; Fig. 1C).
GSK3 specific inhibition in wild type mice also leads to decreased immobile time in the forced swim test, one of the best replicated effects of lithium treatment.
Also, serotonin receptor 1A knockout (KO) mice or serotonin transporter KO mice exhibited a decreased immobility time in the forced swim test [ 43, 44].
Under circumstances other than surgery or such situations as, for example, some forms of epilepsy, however, there must be a decrease in the forces that ordinarily dominate consciousness before hallucinations occur.
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