Sentence examples for decrease in the fitness from inspiring English sources

However, synthesis of sufficient levels of heterologous antigen can result in an increase in metabolic burden with an accompanying decrease in the fitness of the live vector, which can ultimately lower desired immune responses to both live vector and heterologous antigen.

We also considered other selection models in which transition mutations lead to a larger decrease in the fitness (see Figure S3 and Figure S4 and Text S1).

Although the decrease in the fitness of homozygotes carrying a single mutation was approximately 2%, the harmful effects of these mutations were reduced in the heterozygotes by more than fivefold.

It is possible that the more pronounced difference in lifespan between mir-83 (n4638 ); mir-34 (gk437 ) and N2 worms when raised with temperature oscillations does not reflect a direct relationship between lifespan and gonadal migration but instead could reflect a general decrease in the fitness of mir-83 (n4638 ); mir-34 (gk437 ) worms when experiencing temperature changes.

Because most invasions observed in our study and all invasions observed by Rasmont et al. (2008), Orell and Ojanen (1983)), and Mikami and Yamaguchi (2011) were associated with nest abandonment by birds, this kleptoparasitic interaction seems to lead to a clear decrease in the fitness of birds.

Quantifying virulence as morbidity (decrease in host biomass) or, more precisely, as the decrease in the host fitness is a more rigorous and meaningful definition of virulence [1].

The exacerbated decrease in the bacterial fitness of prfA* mutants when subjected to two different stress conditions suggested that a general response related to stress tolerance may be compromised by constitutive activation of PrfA.

First, under selection for translational efficiency, selection for optimal codons may decrease with gene length due to the decrease in the relative fitness effect per optimal codon [ 16].

Thus, the mutation accumulation that occurred during each serial transfer can cause structural changes in the individuals, which in turn can further cause a decrease in the mean fitness of the population via Muller's Ratchet and random drift.

Our results are in contrast to those of Gillespie et al. (4), who found a significant decrease in the relative fitness of Tyr/Tyr, but not of Phe/Tyr, compared to wildtype, in in vitro growth experiments with S. pneumoniae.

In an asexual finite population, random genetic drift leads to the accumulation of deleterious mutations and an continuous decrease in the average fitness, which is well known as Muller's ratchet [ 36].