Bird assemblages, which we used as a surrogate for biodiversity, showed complex patterns although with overall decreases in richness and abundance.
There was a significant decrease in richness (P = 0.017) and diversity (P = 0.018) after the use of TMS (Day 1 × Day 5), but after 30 days, both estimates were similar to the beginning of the trial.
From primary degraded forest to intensively managed oil-palm systems, we found a 46% decrease in species richness and a 48% reduction in density, but weaker effects on functional group richness and an increase in functional dispersion.
These can lead to a decrease in species richness and the abundance of individual species towards the centre of cities and towns.
Although many studies advocate a species-specific response to habitat loss and fragmentation, Sapotaceae as a whole experienced a dramatic decrease in richness in landscapes with reduced forest cover, most likely due to a common response to deleterious effects triggered by the reduction in habitat, and defaunation.
Two of the more prevalent biodiversity patterns described in the literature are the decrease in richness with increasing latitude (latitudinal species-diversity gradient, LSDG [e.g., [57], [58]]) and unimodal pattern of richness with water depth, peaking at around 2,000 m [e.g., [59], [60]].
A decrease in species richness and total abundance was observed from old deciduous forests to cereal crops.
Overall plant community composition in open grassland neighboring trees changed little in response to livestock grazing removal, yet we did see a decrease in species richness and diversity surrounding deciduous oaks as the dominance of the exotic annual Bromus diandrus Roth increased.
Its presence is associated with a dramatic decrease in species richness and diversity of native seaweeds.
However, we observed only a slight nonsignificant decrease in allelic richness and observed heterozygosity after the disease epizootic.
