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Comparison of binding parameters revealed a highly significant (p = 0.006) decrease in competitive potency for MLA+T30 (IC50 = 15.5±0.7 nM) as compared with MLA alone (IC50 = 9.5±0.4 nM; Fig. 3D).
In each case, differences in phenotype, such as size or reproduction, might appear to support an overall increase (or decrease) in competitive ability of introduced populations, when instead populations are merely adapted to abiotic conditions that correlate with latitude (Fig. 1).
To distinguish between a decrease in competitive costs and an increase in indirect selection, I again calculated the strength of direct selection (Appendix 2).
With simulations alone, however, it is impossible to determine if this is due to a decrease in competitive costs or an increase in indirect selection driven by stronger joint preferences by females with both preferences for males with both traits.
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Again, this defect cannot simply be attributed to phagocytic ROS effects; the recA strain was 62-fold decreased in competitive index in vitro (Table 3).
Thus a firm's potential to recoup training investments by offering below-productivity pay to retained apprentices and saving on future recruitment costs decreases in more competitive markets, as the probability that a firm can retain its former apprentices is lower.
As well as showing decreases in competitive fitness (65), bacteria adapted to grow in the presence of microbicides can display further phenotypic alterations such as decreases in growth rate, pigmentation, and biofilm formation, which could lead to altered pathogenic capability (30, 65, 66).
Growth of this indicator can lead to decrease in prime cost of innovative production and increase in its competitive ability.
Competitive experiments performed by co-incubating Hsp70 with several known TLR7 ligands led to decrease in the rate of phagocytosis indicating Hsp70-TLR7 interaction on plasma membrane [28].
Decrease in milk production.
As shown in Fig. 3E, we observed a highly significant (p<0.0001) concentration-dependent decrease in choline competitive potency in the presence of T30.
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