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Previous studies reported that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can reduce cue-elicited craving and decrease cigarette consumption in smokers.
For example, tax policies intended to decrease cigarette consumption can be defended both by appeal to paternalism and by appeal to reducing the harms of second hand smoke to children in the home and in automobiles.
Workplace smoking bans can decrease cigarette smoking [ 19].
Educating smokers about smoke-free homes would also increase smokers' likelihood of quitting smoking and decrease cigarette consumption [ 22].
Although public smoking bans have been shown to decrease cigarette smoke exposure in the general population over time, annual passive smoke exposure prevalence remained consistent over the 6-year course of this study.
There is also consistent evidence that smoke-free home policies not only reduce exposure to SHS but also increase cessation rates and decrease cigarette consumption in adult smokers [ 23].
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Using a longitudinal design, this study examined the impact of decreased cigarette price, resulting from tobacco tax cuts, on smoking initiation among Canadian young adults aged 20 to 24 years.
Some studies indicated that e-cigarette use led to substantially decreased cigarette consumption among smokers [ 6].
Pulmonary overexpression of the RelB member of the NF-κB family decreases cigarette smoke-induced lung injury [ 31].
A tendency towards decreased cigarette consumption was observed in 26% of Turkish migrant smokers, 6.4% of Bosnian migrant smokers and 19% of Austrian smokers without a migration background.
Studies have also shown that smoking employees are also affected by these bans by decreasing cigarette consumption, increasing smokers' desire to stop.
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