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It highlights how excessive focus on the few empowered women who have succeeded can have a disturbing "decoy" effect, suggesting that women have made it, while ignoring the fact that for the vast majority of women, huge inequalities remain.
Results showed that the overall decoy effect held for both individual and group decisions.
However, for both individuals and groups, the decoy effect held only when decision makers knew they would have to justify their decision processes.
When the scientists played those same two calls plus a third even more inferior one, the females instead chose the intermediate call, falling prey to the "decoy effect," the researchers report online today in Science.
The decoy effect occurs when preferences between two alternatives reverse as a result of the manipulation of a third alternative (i.e., a decoy) such that it is dominated by only one of the two original alternatives.
The present investigation was designed to test the generalizability of the phenomenon to decisions made by groups, and to determine the influence of process and outcome accountability on the decoy effect.
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Three nucleotides mismatch were introduced between positions 10 and 11 from the miRNA seed sequences to prevent AGO2-mediated mRNA cleavage and therefore trigger miRNA decoy effects.
Nucleic acid molecules also need to be delivered intracellularly for function to the nucleus (for gene transcription, or for transcriptional decoy effects) or to the cytoplasm for inhibition of RNA translation or to target mRNA degradation (antisense RNA, ribozymes).
The decoy-effect can thus modify the encounter-dilution mechanism [ 11, 12].
A previous report [ 47] showed the effect of decoy targeting NF-κB on apoptosis of human osteoclasts.
In this study, we investigate the effect of Smad decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and Sp1 decoy ODN in unilateral ureteral obstruction induced renal fibrosis in mice.
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