In the case of MIMO receivers, symbols were decoded if needed (an Alamouti decoder is used for 2×2 systems) and ML detectors were applied.
At the receiver, the correlator, integrator and decoder are used for separation of the signal of respective channel after demodulation.
The weighted finite state machine decoder was used for recognition.
The Julius decoder was used for speech recognition [17].
Four IC signals are connected directly with the instruction decoder and used for acknowledgment about a certain event.
A maximum likelihood decoder based on the sphere decoder has been used for efficient decoding of perfect STBCs.
The outer decoder's soft output is fed back to the inner decoder through an interleaver, and the inner decoder uses this feedback for the next decoding iteration.
The DVC-BPSI decoder uses a CRC code for error detection, a minimum mean square error reconstruction method, and an offline Laplacian correlation noise model at band level [26].
To make sure the encoder and the decoder uses the same order for the positions, authors suggest embedding from the lowest to the highest position, i.e., if positions (5, 1, 6, 9) are chosen from embedding, then for each block, embed in position 1 first, 5 next, then 6, and finally 9 and for extraction, extract in position 1 first, 5 next, then 6, and finally 9.
To evaluate the performance of the proposed adaptive LDPC decoder using DVFS, an LDPC decoder for (3,6) regular LDPC codes with lengths of 9,216 with a DVFS controller was implemented.
