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Research in the 1990s by the American psychologist Timothy A. Salthouse suggested that age-related declines in working memory, and in the speed by which information is processed, can reduce a person's ability to remember specific details of previous events.
Healthy aging is characterized by declines in working memory and new episodic memory performance with relative sparing of semantic memory, recognition memory, and priming.
Most studies find specific declines in working memory and verbal fluency.
Working memory performance declines with normal aging [ 1], and evidence from animal models [ 2], human imaging [ 3], and pharmacological challenge studies [ 4] suggests that age-related declines in working memory are associated with decreased dopaminergic neurotransmission.
We discuss how age-related declines in working memory performance may be most influenced by memory load, the representational demands of the task and its dependence on hippocampal function, and not by the type of information to be remembered.
Nevertheless, whereas some neuropsychological evaluations have suggested that visuo-spatial working memory may exhibit a greater age-related decline than verbal working memory, other assessments made in real-world tasks, or in tasks with higher memory loads, have suggested that age-related declines in working memory performance may be similar for spatial, visual and verbal information.
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Another analysis found the decline in working hours in Europe was mostly because of tight labor market regulations, not taxes.
A second factor was the decline in working hours, which meant that more persons (e.g., nurses) were needed in order to staff 24-hour services.
In the 1980s Ronald Reagan cut taxes and social-welfare programmes, which increased economic inequality and halted the overall decline in working hours.
May growth was slightly below the Clinton-era average, and June's numbers -- only 112,000 new jobs, and a decline in working hours -- were pretty poor.
The Census Bureau report, "Fertility of American Women, 2000," said the most pronounced decline in working mothers was among married women, to 54 percent last year -- the 1994 level -- from 60percentt in 1998.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com