The initial declines in the variances of the three genomic estimates of F are caused by the drop in recent inbreeding in larger populations.
Our evidence suggests that the ex ante risk premium on the global market portfolio has dropped considerably - we show that this fall in the risk premium is related to a decline in the conditional variance of global real cash flow growth rates.
However, the declines in variances become much slower thereafter, reflecting the slow decay of linkage disequilibrium and the gradual increase in the number of new segregating variants following a population expansion.
The highest decline in variance over the next 5 years occurred in the expected number of years lived adjusted only for dispersion (e C ).
Although reductions in prereproductive mortality drove the decline in variance in relative total fitness, we observed an increase in the variance of relative fertility (up to 1974, 5.57; 1975 onward, 6.32; ρ = +0.49; p < 0.001; Figure 1C), a pattern that also marks the first stages of other demographic transitions [ 2, 10, 13].
With the 2010 procedure, we found a rise in the variance attributable to candidate (18%) and candidate*station (33%), while differences in rater behaviour declined (45%).
Those with non-epithelioid histology had a decline in HRQoL and the variance from baseline between the groups was significant, although the same pattern was seen in the comparator group (see Figure 1).
For each region, the variance in the total counts extracted is the sum of the variances in the corresponding pixels in the variance map.
From 1970 to 2005, a divergence between the selected countries in age-at-death distributions was observed, indicated by an increase in the variance of the three summary measures (e 10, e C, e A ) for both sexes, followed by a convergence (=declining variance) in the distributions between 2005 and 2010 (Table 1 and Fig. 1).
In the extreme case in which the variance in fitness is independent of the mean, declining populations will be strongly influenced by the even-moment effect.
