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The HABC-Monitor functional subscale significantly separated only the improved group from the declined group, and showed marginal ability (P = 0.058) to distinguish the declined group from the stable group.
Furthermore, the quality of life score was indeed lower (ie, better) at baseline for the stable group (1.0) and improved group (1.7) compared with the declined group (2.6).
The HABC-Monitor cognitive subscale significantly separated the improved group from the declined and stable groups but did not separate the declined group from the stable group.
For example, the largest effect sizes for the change scores were for HABC-Monitor behavioral/psychological change scores, which demonstrated moderate improvement in the NPI improved group (0.53) and moderate decline in the NPI declined group (−0.43).
Considering that each of these indices is sensitive to change for the declined group, we supplemented them by computing the paired samples t-test statistic for the difference in change scores.
The HABC-Monitor apathy item (ie, item 18, the anhedonia item) improved from time 1 to time 2 in the NPI improved group (item mean decreased from 1.8 to 1.4) and worsened in the NPI declined group (item mean increased from 1.0 to 1.5).
Similar(54)
These large pterosaurs were the last representatives of a declining group that contained 10 families during the mid-Cretaceous.
During the trial we did not adjust population density caused by declining group size.
Our findings also indicated that the declining group maintained their step counts through household activities.
In our study, the maintenance group had similar MVPA during early winter and midwinter, although MVPA was significantly decreased during midwinter compared with early winter in the declining group.
Participants who went outdoors less during midwinter were defined as the declining group, and were compared with participants who maintained their frequency of outdoor excursions (maintenance group).
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