In the light of this declining efficacy, Malawi is changing its first line therapy again.
Finally, the declining efficacy of PZP with increased consecutive applications is likely a contributing factor to the later foaling dates of recipient mares.
The reason for this declining efficacy is as yet unclear.
Fourth, because the ACT partner drug also contributes to parasite clearance, declining efficacy of this drug may delay parasite clearance.
In many infections, concern about emergence of resistance at a population level has led to pharmacometric approaches to optimize deployment of therapy in the face of declining efficacy.
This study examined the hypothesis that qualitative as well as quantitative changes contribute to the declining efficacy of CD8+ T-cell memory.
This expression accounts for the loss in drug_induced_decay over time due to declining efficacy of the drug, e.g., because of the emergence of "resistance".
In the first study where we first reported the declining efficacy of primaquine as a gametocytocidal agent, chloroquine versus coartemether was studied, since chloroquine then was (and still remains) the first line therapy for the country.
Depending on the delivery profile of the various compounds, the exposure to stimulants such as methylphenidate may vary over the day, potentially resulting in declining efficacy towards the evening hours [ 19].
MF has been increasingly used in India, Bangladesh and Nepal in the last years, but there is recent evidence of its declining efficacy in monotherapy [8]; and concerns remain about its teratogenicity.
This persistent health burden, combined with the declining efficacy of traditional control methods due to physiological (Reimer et al. 2008) and behavioural resistance (e.g. early or outdoor feeding, Reddy et al. 2011), highlights the urgent need for new control approaches.
