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Such losses might hasten the decline of trees that depend on seed dispersers, and so affect other organisms, says Wright.
Fire is viewed as having deleterious effects on woody and grass species richness (Smart et al. 1985) and that it precipitates the decline of trees by inhibiting recruitment (Nangendo 2005).
On the contrary, a process of tree diversification accompanies the structural decline of trees on the cocoa farms.
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We hypothesize that positive feedbacks between woody plants and soil accretion are crucial to emergence and decline of tree islands.
The exponent −1.605 was chosen according to the stand density rule (Reineke 1933) portraying a general decline of tree number with increasing diameter.
A dramatic decline of tree pollen over the last centuries suggests that tree cover of both the lowland and upland landscape surrounding the mire declined and forests were increasingly replaced by open vegetation most likely as a result of intensified human activities.
"Based on our data, water stress helps to explain the decline of large trees.
The decline of large trees has previously been documented in KNP [27] but the ecological causation and implications of this decline are not fully understood.
Writing in Nature Climate Change, they said this was a result of a declining volume of trees, deforestation and the impact of natural disturbances.
The composition of stands within LMUs grouped by slope position class (canyon, mid-slope, ridge) all demonstrated a declining density of trees with increasing dbh size.
Strikingly, the subsets of the trees from the FOL with decreasing numbers of species showed a precipitous decline of the tree-like signal, which becomes virtually undetectable for the 4 25 species quartile (fig. 1 C – F and supplementary fig. S10, Supplementary Material online).
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