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The initial decline time, decline exponent and decline factor can be obtained through trial-and-error.
Equation (1) gives the oil production rate during the decline period including decline factor, D i and decline exponent, b.
Then the relationship between cumulative oil production and time can be obtained by substituting decline factor to Eq. (2).
When a reservoir is in the ultra-high water cut stage, the production rate decline markedly and meanwhile, trial-and-error method is usually used to determine decline factor (Jiang et al. 2006).
A simple exponential decline function is often used for modeling production decline in many academic and government energy supply analyses (EIA 2014; Cook and Wagener 2014; Weijermars 2013, 2014) with the following form: Q_{n} = Q_{1} (1 - r)^{n - 1}, (4 where Q 1 is the production in year 1 and decline factor r. The production in year n is given by Q n.
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During this summary activity, participants began to list factors associated with maintenance and decline, factors that were brought up (mostly) during the discussion of the contrasting video cases.
But as a percentage of total supply, replacement of material losses is a declining factor.
Continuous rice-wheat (RW) rotation with conventional agronomic practices has resulted in declining factor productivity and degrading soil resources.
Mr. Levy said that building aid to New York City would sharply decline, a factor that he said was not addressed in the governor's budget proposal.
We also conducted primary recovery simulations to study the impacts of adsorbed gas ratio and Klinkenberg effect on upstream pressure decline, recovery factor, and recovery rate.
Although loading doses of warfarin over 5 mg also produce a precipitous decline in factor VII, resulting in an initial prolongation of the INR, full antithrombotic effect does not take place until significant reduction in factor II occurs days later.
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