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An additional complication in the context of banking samples from cancer patients is determining who has the authority to withdraw samples when there is no legal will or declaration of a proxy.
A straw man says, "If Sony is a proxy for the First Amendment, then this cyber-attack is a declaration of war against the United States and Sony (as a proxy for America) should not have surrendered.
"You have sort of proxy issues.
This is principally because of proxy responses.
Through the magic of proxy browsing.
As indicated by the Declaration of Helsinki, one possible way to meet the ethical requirements of informed consent is to safeguard the potential participants interests through the use of proxy consent in the recruitment process.
In the 1964 version of the Declaration of Helsinki [2] the possibility of "surrogate" or "proxy" consent overcame the "preclusion" from participation in research of incompetent patients: "In case of legal incompetence, informed consent should be obtained from the legal guardian in accordance with national legislation" (point 11).
Thereafter, following the first version of the Declaration of Helsinki, other relevant declarations on research ethics have confirmed the acceptability of surrogate or proxy consent thus sanctioning the ethical acceptability of participation of incompetent adults in research, provided that more protections be offered to these subjects.
Answer: "The Declaration of Independence".
"This Universal Declaration of Human Rights . . .
It meant editing the Declaration of Independence.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com