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Severely-ill borderlines may have court-appointed guardians that will be enlisted in the consent process; however, in some cases in which the patient is his or her own guardian but seems incapable of making a rational decision, surrogate decision-makers could be considered.
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Beyond providing physical support, caregivers may act as medical decision surrogates in a formal or informal capacity.
In a 1997 decision, the surrogate of Nassau County agreed and appointed a guardian to administer the trust for the benefit of the chimps.
But for women such as Gao, the decision to surrogate isn't an ethical one: it provides her family with much-needed cash, even if there's an emotional cost.
If required a substitute decision maker (surrogate) is nominated.
If patients were disoriented or were assessed not to be making their own medical decisions, then the patients' surrogate decision makers (as named by the medical team) were approached to enroll in the study.
It is at this time that the level of risk of the study under discussion is likely to be of importance in influencing decisions about surrogate consent [ 10].
If potentially eligible patients lack basic decision-making capacity (per clinical team determination), then the surrogate decision-makers are eligible to participate.
New limitations occurring after enrollment in this study are thus likely to reflect decisions made by a surrogate decision-maker who is typically a close family member.
Since most ICU patients cannot make decisions for themselves, families are often involved as surrogate decision makers.
Responsibility for making life-death decisions as surrogates weighs heavily [76, 95].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com