The focus on individual car costs as the primary routing decision making item potentially drives routing solutions to constrained paths or routes which can then trigger issues of capacity and cargo priority.
Treating patients with dignity and respect (item 1), quality of life (item 2), and patients' involvement in decision making (item 4) were also considered to be important aspects of PCC.
The three questions included in the GHQ - 8, but not the GHQ - 6 concern decision-making (item 4), enjoying daily activities (item 7) and feelings of worthlessness (item 11).
Confidence with Decision Making [24] – A 4-item 11 point scale that assesses level of confidence that advantages and disadvantages are understood, that a decision will be made, and of talking with health care providers about RM.
In the process, we eliminated the item "Decision Making: Balancing risks and selecting options" from the ANTS instrument due to a consistent inability to rate this item in our simulations.
The primary outcome of the planned RCT, patient involvement in decision-making, will be measured using the 9-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9) [ 18].
The 9-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9) [ 44] is a brief questionnaire developed to assess the extent of patients' participation in shared decision making in the medical encounter.
Patients' view of their providers' communication behavior was assessed using the 3-item Participatory Decision Making survey [ 29], with scores ranging from 3 to 30 and higher scores indicating providers were more likely to involve patients in decision making.
For testing discriminant validity of the IPS, we used the construct "external participation" measured by the 9-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9)[ 30] in the patient survey and the Shared Decision Making Questionnaire – physician version (SDM-Q-Doc)[ 31] in the staff survey.
