Thus, successful resource management under climate change will require flexibility on the part of managers and decision makers in cycling between "managing for resilience" and "managing for change".
The centrality of domain-specific knowledge in expertise was established several decades ago (Chi et al. 1985), and seems particularly relevant in situations where ill-defined problems with multiple solutions force decision makers to choose between alternatives (Simon 1973).
Humanitarian and development groups should co-ordinate more: There is a disconnect between decision makers for development and humanitarian groups.
To be successful, the approach depends on well-organized dialogue between decision makers at many levels, which would be culture shock for the rigidly hierarchical executive branch.
Roger Pielke Jr. identifies several roles that scientists can play in policymaking, and suggests that the most crucial of these is the 'honest broker', who is able to help decision makers to choose wisely between the available options on a given topic.
TOPSIS is one of the multiple criteria decision making methods that popular between decision makers because of its simplicity and accuracy.
There is relatively little interaction between decision makers at the three levels, or among institutions, regarding the setting of priorities.
When developing new systems, developers are challenged with tracing requirements to system design elements and helping decision makers choose between designs options that implement these requirements; options which may have vastly different cost, supportability, and business implications.
Overall, our study provides novel insights into the flexibility with which human decision makers choose between speed and accuracy of their choices.
Participation intends to achieve consensus on the definition of the study's objective among scientists, community members, and decision makers, both between and within groups.
The costs of diarrhea treatment to the healthcare system are important and must be considered by national decision makers choosing between health interventions.
