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Therefore, to obtain the aggregated sensing report for time slot t, the FC needs to compute the discrete log of ((R_{g_{k}}) base g) and then obtain (sum {r_{i}}) which will be used for both the decision (existence or absence of primary user) and in the reputation score determination.
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However, in order that these optimisation mechanisms can take the most suitable energy-saving decisions, the existence of accurate power consumption prediction models becomes primordial.
In addition or alternatively, we might hold that the threshold level ought to reflect, say, the average level of well-being of the present generations upon whose decisions the existence, identity, and well-being of future people depend.
Republicans were split over the wisdom of the New York grand jury's decision and the existence of wider problems of discriminatory policing, which Obama and his attorney general Eric Holder argue persist in some communities across the country.
The algorithm for the fluorescent light detection uses these measurements and makes a decision about the existence of the fluorescent light in the scene.
Let and denote, respectively, the false alarm and the missdetection probabilities, when PU detection is carried out just once (i.e., for one-time decision on PU existence).
For the seizure detection task in the case of epilepsy patients, it is required to analyze these EEG signals towards a decision of the existence, or absence, of an epileptic seizure.
With the proposed scheme, a CR user carrying out PU detection first removes the pilot signal from the signal received on the pilot subcarriers (i.e., is removed from ) and then makes a decision on the existence of PU.
In this section, based on a general weighted cost functions, we first derive the optimal speech existence decision rule of (11) and spectral amplitude estimators of (12) for the BDSAE system by minimizing the combined Bayesian risk function R. Then the gain's change process of the BDSAE system is analyzed.
Policy makers and regulators are constantly required to make decisions despite the existence of substantial uncertainty regarding the outcomes of their proposed decisions.
Structural alternatives result from decisions on the existence of reactors and flow connections in the superstructure.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com