WNT and their downstream responsive genes modulate various processes that are crucial for development and growth, cell fate decision, cell proliferation/differentiation and stem cell self-renewal [ 12- 14].
Generation of complexity during development relies on sequential decisions cells make, to refine the coarse initial asymmetries and create an ever-increasing complexity.
The design of a CM system (CMS) often involves three major decisions: cell formation, group layout, and group schedule.
Bistable behavior of gene switches have been reported to play pivotal roles in many important aspects of cell physiology, including cell fate decisions, cell cycle control, and cellular responses to environmental stimulation [ 6, 2].
A wealth of data have demonstrated the importance of Rbpj in stem cell maintenance, cell fate decisions, cell proliferation, differentiation, and embryo patterning such as dorsal-ventral axis establishment and left-right asymmetry determination.
For example, the p400 E1A-associated protein, which inhibits p53-dependent p21/waf1 transcription [ 37], modulates cell fate decisions (cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or senescence) by the regulation of ROS homeostasis [ 38].
WNT proteins are known to be involved in cell fate decision and cell cycle regulation [14].
Wnts are a family of secreted lipoproteins, which play a crucial role during embryogenesis via the regulation of patterning, cell fate decision and cell polarity.
Reductase selection, the decision between cell-free and whole cell reduction system, coenzyme recycling mode and reaction conditions represent design options that strongly affect bioreduction efficiency.
It is possible that embryonic stem cell derived microvesicles contain biologically active molecules that affect growth and cell fate decision of targeted cells.
