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Figure 1 shows the effect of tranexamic acid on all cause mortality by risk of death at baseline.
Table 1 shows the characteristics of patients in the CRASH-2 trial and the UK Trauma Audit and Research Network according to risk of death at baseline.
This trend holds also for patients assessed to have a higher risk of death at baseline, by either APACHE II scores of 25 or more or with at least two organ dysfunctions.
Furthermore, 34% of all participants rated themselves as in a state worse than death at baseline, and 81% of the sample rated themselves at or near death-equivalent health-related quality of life (AQoL < 0.10).
Patients with a high risk of death at baseline have the most to gain from the use of life saving treatments because the absolute benefits of an effective treatment tend to increase as the baseline risk increases.
Participants 13 273 trauma patients in the CRASH-2 trial who were treated with tranexamic acid or placebo within three hours of injury and trauma patients enrolled in UK Trauma and Audit Research Network, stratified by risk of death at baseline (<6%, 6-20%, 21-50%, >50%).
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In a model that accounted for the competing risk of death, smoking at baseline was independently and inversely associated with lower risk of TJR in both men and women, although the association was stronger in men.
Potential risk factors for death measured at baseline included age, sex, ethnicity, BMI, pulmonary function, diabetes, respiratory infections, class of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) alleles, diagnosis of cystic fibrosis by neonatal screening, prior organ transplantation, and other medical interventions as described below.
Only 36 of the 95 students (37.9%) nominated depression as a main cause of death or disability at baseline.
These were the most common illnesses or injuries nominated by students as a main cause of death or disability at baseline.
The proportions of students nominating each of the top six illness or injuries as a main cause of death or disability at baseline and each follow-up time point are depicted in Table 2. * Only the students who nominated at least four illnesses or injuries at each time point were included in this analysis.
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