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Carbon emissions in savanna fires represent a much shorter-term C loss than forest fires, since the main fuel is dead herbaceous vegetation, representing just one or two years of growth [27, 41].
Some species have been collected on woody material like dead herbaceous stems, the empty shells or husks of nuts, or on fibrous material like coconut, jute, or hemp fiber woven into matting, sacks or cloth.
Carbon emissions in savanna fires represent a much shorter-term C loss than forest fires, since the main fuel is dead herbaceous vegetation, representing just one or two years of growth [ 27, 41].
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Cashmere and Celtiberic goats induced different vegetation dynamics, with the latter causing a higher reduction of shrub cover and a higher increase of dead matter and herbaceous plant cover than Cashmere grazing.
The biomass of all the vegetation components (live trees, dead vegetation, grasses, herbaceous and litter) was converted to carbon using the 0.5 conversion factor [60]. Soil carbon was estimated using Eq. (5) from Pearson et al. [44]: SC = BD × D × C × 100 (5).
The biomass of all the vegetation components (live trees, dead vegetation, grasses, herbaceous and litter) was converted to carbon using the 0.5 conversion factor [ 60].
Some maps (NBS and Avitabile) refer to air-dry biomass while others refer to oven-dry biomass (Henry, Reusch & Gibbs) or do not provide this information (Baccini, Drigo, Gibbs & Brown) Similarly, there are differences regarding the minimum diameter and the inclusion or exclusion of dead trees, non-woody plants (herbaceous plants, lianas) or non-woody components (foliage, seeds).
Few plants can persist in the gloomy environment at ground level, and the surface is marked by a layer of rapidly decomposing dead leaves rather than of small herbaceous plants.
Percentage cover of herbaceous forms and leaf litter, dead woody matter abundance and liana abundance in each circular plot were estimated visually.
Despite that the dead biomass was not separated into shrub or herbaceous origins in this study, the herbs accounted for relatively larger proportion of the dead biomass.
Neither dead AGB nor BGB was separated into shrub or herbaceous origins.
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