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The catalyst deactivated with time on line (20% reduction in conversion in 150 min).
During chronoamperommetry measurements all catalysts deactivated with time and only the bi-phase PtSnOx catalysts reached steady-state current densities after 3000 s with all others deactivating continuously.
It has been confirmed that the co-precipitated Ni CeO2 and Ni Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 catalysts exhibited relatively high activity as well as stability, while the impregnated Ni/CeO2 and Ni/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 catalysts slowly deactivated with time on stream at 800 °C.
Stability test showed that PS-20Ni deactivated with time on stream, and the strong adsorption of oxygen-containing compounds on the acid sites in PS-20Ni is speculated to be the major reason of deactivation.
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DuPont's vanadium phosphorous oxide catalyst (VPO) deactivated with time-on-stream in a commercial butane to maleic anhydride reactor.
All catalysts deactivate with time on stream.
All these catalysts were observed to deactivate with time on stream due to considerable amount of coke deposition.
The most widely used industrial catalyst comprises potassium-promoted iron oxide, which deactivates with time, due to potassium loss.
However, all of the known catalytic systems studied to date that consist of metal particles on oxide substrates deactivate with time on stream.
However, following the initial peak, the current deactivated with a time constant of about 13 s after removal of 100 μM pCA.
35 Zeolites utilised in alcohol-to-hydrocarbons processes are increasingly deactivated with increasing time-on-stream and must be regenerated in order to regain their catalytic activity.
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