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The deactivated surfaces of the NPs together with the cold solution significantly slow the random growth of the NPs by OR and OA processes.
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The formation of the Al2O3/ZnO complex may deactivate the surface hydroxyl groups (the reaction in Equation 7 is not applicable in this case) and decrease the surface pH, leading to the formation of zinc hydroxide nitrate dehydrate.
Sulfur compounds in fuels deactivate the surface of anode materials in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which adversely affect the long-term durability.
Deactivating the surface by pyrolytic carbon deposition allows the irreversible capacity to be noticeably reduced, being lower than in graphite, while the reversible capacity is 50% higher than in graphite.
Finally, 1 M ethanolamine HCl was injected for 7 min to deactivate the surface.
Surface-related deactivations encompass two ways: (i) dopants located on or around the nanoparticle surface can be deactivated directly by neighboring surface quenching centers; and (ii) the energy contained in dopants located in the center of UCNPs can randomly migrate and travel a long distance to the dopant on/around surface or directly to the surface quenching sites.
Spent catalyst textural properties indicated that catalysts were deactivated and the surface area and pore volume dropped by 20 60%.
Electrode surfaces were deactivated in-between measurements in a complex liquid, like tea.
In this article, an in situ rapid cooling and passivating microfluidic (IRCPM) process is presented in which the OR and OA process are suppressed, and the particle surfaces are deactivated.
The chip surface was deactivated using ProteOn ethanolamine (Bio-Rad) at a flow rate of 30 μl/min.
Following antibody coupling, any remaining active surface was deactivated with ethanolamine to prevent attachment of protein during the subsequent binding reactions.
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