Four days prior to each study day, subjects consumed a standardized diet regarding calories, sodium and fluid.
At least 5 days before the first experimental day, subjects performed a VO2 max test on a cycle ergometer using a standard progressive exercise test.
Upon arrival on the test day, subjects went through a structured interview concerning headaches and musculoskeletal complaints (distribution, severity and duration).
Prior to testing on each day, subjects were administered either nicotine (4 mg) or placebo lozenges, in a between-subjects, four-group, 2 × 2 design (nicotine or placebo on days 1 and 2).
On the second day, subjects completed one of two different transfer tests; one with a belt asymmetry close to that experienced on the acquisition day (transfer 1; 1.5:1), and one with a greater asymmetry (transfer 2; 2:1).
During the low-GI day, subjects consumed more fiber (24.5±12.3 g vs 14.5±6.1 g, P<0.007) and less fat (45.7±12.2 g vs 76.8±32.4 g, P<0.005); however, there were no differences in energy, carbohydrate, or protein intake.
On the test day, subjects exercised vigorously in the morning for 45 minutes and then measured their metabolic rates for the next 24 hours.
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On the last day, subjects were tested for olfactory sensitivity.
The last day, subjects collected their 24 hours urine.
