The few mirtrons identified to date originate from the diverse evolutionarily lineages of insect (Drosophila sp ., worms (Caenorhabditis elegans), and mammals (primates and rodents) [15], [35] [38].
The spirochete isolates from DD described to date originate from the USA (Iowa and California), the UK and Germany [ 8, 11, 14- 16].
However, this may reflect the fact that most isolates examined to date originated from northern Europe; only 5 isolates in our collection originated from Pacific waters.
Most of the genetic data of Nannomys that have been collected to date originate from Western and Southern Africa, where the taxonomy of this group has been intensively explored (reviewed by [ 9]).
Nevertheless, wild-type Cel9A was found 3.2-fold more active on Avicel than the best cellulase characterized to date (Cel9E) originating from R. cellulolyticum in the same experimental conditions [ 25, 26].
Samples were C dated when originating from poorly dated sites or with an insecure stratigraphy (Additional file 1: Table S1).
These isolates were mostly recovered from otitis in dogs and mastitis in cattle (Additional file 2), and were epidemiologically non-related since they came from different animals, different families/farms, presented different sampling dates and/or originated from different French departments.
A significant part of our knowledge on Holocene landscape development and associated human history in northwestern Europe is based on radiocarbon dating of charcoal originating from podzols.
Radiometric dating of minerals originating from hydrothermal alteration of crystalline basement rocks and Permo-Triassic coverockck successions as well as of minerals originating from fault-related, mineralised veins reveal multiple and complex post-Variscan phases of pervasive and localised fluid-rock interactions (Brockamp et al. 2015; Zuther and Brockamp 1988; Glodny and Grauert 2009).
The date of demise originating from the National Population Registry-Norway was collected from the patients' electronic records.
