The dates clustered from 2,100 to 800 years ago; the scientists interpreted this as signaling a series of smaller explosions, culminating in the big one that created the main crater around 1200.
These dates cluster around 3050 BP, that is, 950 BCE (Harunari and Imamura 2004).
At the bottom is a stream bed thick with palms, their dates clustered like golden bees.
When they sent the bones of reindeer and other animals from the cave floor to the University of Oxford's radiocarbon dating lab for analysis, the dates clustered tightly between 36,000 and 37,000 years ago.
These sites belong to what Chinese archaeologists call the Pengtoushan culture, whose radiocarbon dates cluster from 9500 to 8100 bp.
Where these dates cluster, turning points in trend tend to manifest.
Thus, the hyperparameter α ν in v l ∼ IG(α ν, α ν - 1 ) reflects the magnitude of residual heteroskedasticity in the responses of interest due to slaughter dates clusters.
Recall that the hyperparameter α ν defines the magnitude of non-systematic heterogeneity of residual variances for each of the selected traits as a function of slaughter dates clusters.
In fact, the range of posterior means of slaughter date-specific v l for carcass temperature at 45 min postmortem was greater than eight-fold, thereby indicating that the residual variance for some slaughter dates clusters was estimated to be as large as eight times greater than the residual variance in other slaughter clusters.
In turn, for loin muscle pH at 45 min postmortem, the posterior mean of α ν was below six, and the corresponding upper boundaries of its 95% HPD was approximately 10 in all cases, thus indicating milder cluster-driven residual heteroskedasticity for this trait, whereby the range of posterior means of v l was close to three-fold across all 33 slaughter dates clusters.
For the real data application, predictive performance was assessed using a five-fold cross-validation (Daetwyler et al. 2013), whereby animals within each slaughter dates cluster were randomly assigned to five nonoverlapping data partitions or folds of nearly equal size (175 191 animals).
