PK-sensitive, disease-related, forms of PrP have, to date, been demonstrated by conformation dependent immunoassay [17], [20], [23], [39], by immunoblotting following biochemical purification [18], [40], cold PK digestion [19], immunological capture [21] or limited digestion with thermolysin [25].
Due to this conflicting and contradictory data, no conclusive link has, to date, been demonstrated between a GCA and a specific infectious agent.
Herd protection following infant PCV has to date been demonstrated in developed regions with low prevalence pneumococcal carriage in adults [ 29] and in African centres with low HIV prevalence [ 30– 30].
Different aspects of industrial date syrup production are demonstrated in Figure 81.
Our a-priori rules for the inclusion of breeds therefore focused on pony and draft horse breeds for which a historic founding date can be demonstrated, including breeds which are known to have been crossbred with Middle Eastern breeds and/or the English Thoroughbred.
Most of the Rf genes (nuclear-encoded genes responsible for fertility restoration of CMS) identified to date have been demonstrated to encode a PPR protein [ 25, 41- 48].
We note, however, that the essential role of C. elegans SPD-2 in centriole duplication and PCM recruitment has, to date, only been demonstrated in the embryo, during the first events after fertilization [1, 4, 19].
MiR-34a is highly upregulated following p53 activation [Chang et al., 2007; Hermeking, 2007] and to date has been demonstrated to be involved in: (a) cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase; (b) induction of cell senescence; and (c) apoptosis [Chang et al., 2007; He et al., 2007; Hermeking, 2007].
Although the 2A peptide has been shown to function in a wide variety of cell types and in specific tissues in vivo, it has to date not been demonstrated to function in a permanent transgenic mouse line after passage through the germ-line, to test for possible silencing of 2A-containing transgenes.
