Sentence examples for date divergence from inspiring English sources

The fossil record is often used to determine the phylogeny of groups containing hard body parts; it is also used to date divergence times of species in phylogenies that have been constructed on the basis of molecular evidence.

For rapidly evolving pathogens, such as RNA viruses, isolates sampled over years or decades can be used to calibrate a molecular clock and date divergence events [2].

We attempted to date divergence times of various fungal clades in order to date intron gains or losses (Additional file 7: Figure S4).

Although there is no fossil record for lemurs, recent studies have utilized fossil information from more distantly related groups to date divergence times within the lemurs (e.g. [ 53, 59]).

Unlike earlier studies of the subfamily, the present study is the first to use both nuclear and mitochondrial data to estimate a species tree, and a fossil calibration point to date divergence times of duikers to the Pleistocene.

In studies of marine organisms that employ molecular dating, it is common practice to apply the most recent dates suggested in the geological literature to date divergence events considered to have resulted from the closure of a seaway [ 30, 60, 61].

We used two alternative phylogenetic trees to date divergences.

The roughly estimated molecular clock analyses date divergences between European lineages (L2 and L3) to the Quaternary while the divergence of East Turkish populations takes place earlier (Pliocene).

These four nodes are well supported by fossil evidence and have been commonly accepted as appropriate calibration points to date divergences within primates [ 75, 76, 124- 128].

The usefulness of these shorter sequences, however, to elucidate deeper evolutionary relationships or to date divergences is expected to be limited given the difficulties in inferring species relationships for rapid radiations [ 37, 38].

Phylogenetic data provide a framework for making more appropriate intergenomic comparisons, by determining whether chromosomal duplications within taxa pre-date or post-date divergence among taxa [ 65].