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Many studies have combined multiple datasets to develop the risk model, for example by obtaining controls and cases from different populations [ 7, 30– 32], or have derived risk models in multiple populations [ 33].
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The developed model was validated using leave-out-one cross-validation approach, where randomly (N − 1) observations were selected from the original dataset to develop the model and then tested on the left-out-one observation, which was repeated for N times, where N is the number of observations in the dataset [17].
These data are often missed in other online data repositories and publications; however, it could prove very useful for assessing likely OTEs, and in addition, could provide valuable datasets to develop possible methods for predicting the probability that a pool might have OTEs.
In this article we use the SLEUTH model and publicly available datasets to develop a stylized planning application for Mumbai, India.
It should be possible, in turn, to apply advanced computational approaches to these datasets to develop models of biological processes.
The first evaluation method is the basic internal model validation used to assess whether the model is able to describe the learning dataset (the dataset used to develop the model) accurately and without bias.
Additional file 1: Information about the datasets used to develop the spiral grain angle models.
The datasets used to develop the statistical analysis were limited, for which the scope of the study was confined within a definite statistical approach (L-moments).
The datasets used to develop the VGNW model and Medicare model are relatively out of date with respect to modern vascular surgical practice represented in this cohort.
Internal validation relied on the same dataset used to develop the models while external validation utilised independent data collected within four validation landscapes in the same ecological region.
Some discrepancy in total biomass values between the different maps can be attributed to the differences in allometric models applied to the field dataset used to develop the maps.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com