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While there are many text mining and clustering methods, we chose topic modelling (TM, [17, 18]) because this method captures two aspects that are important for this dataset: words may have multiple meanings or interpretations and documents may contain one or more topics.
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Table 1 MAVIR database characteristics File ID Dataset # word occ.
stands for occurrences, "min" stands for minutes, "SNR" for signal-to-noise ratio, and "dB" for decibels File ID Dataset # word occ.
Furthermore, in the In-dataset, words and phrases presented in Hindi or English are transliterated into the script that is conventionally deployed by the other language-variety (see Figs. 2, 5, 6, 7, 14).
Based on this dataset, 152 words are selected.
The dataset includes words used in the descriptions of companies that have raised seed or venture funding in the past three years.
Figure 9 Performance of the auto-context algorithm on test dataset for word-final boundary detection.
This study also found that all three datasets had words that were classified as other emotions by the majority (≥70 %) of the participants (see Table 8 for the list), suggesting that the seven emotion types assumed in this study may not be sufficient to categorize all the emotions that are encoded in Chinese.
An average tweet in the dataset contained 14.7 words in total and 0.0786 "emotional words" according to the lists of identified keywords as will be described in the next subsection.
Trigram language models were trained on both in-domain and out-of-domain datasets, where word-class mixture trigram language models with weights obtained from a procedure of forward weight adjustment were used [37].
The European Portuguese recognizer was trained using annotated broadcast news data and a dataset of command words and sentences, as carried out in previous studies [22, 94].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com