Paprotny, D., Morales Nápoles, O. & Jonkman, S. N. HANZE: a pan-European database of exposure to natural hazards and damaging historical floods since 1870.
This study has combined cohorts from 13 countries, consisting of 98,665 workers (2,110,913 person-years), and included the development of a comprehensive database of exposure measurements for the retrospective assessment of study participants' exposure (Kauppinen et al. 1997, 2002).
The linkage was evaluated by looking at linkage rate, characteristics of linked and non-linked cases, first trimester exposure rates for six groups of medicines according to the prescription data and information on medication use registered in the CA databases, and agreement of exposure.
Using an extensive database of property exposure, the regional study shows that wetlands avoided $625 Million in direct flood damages during Hurricane Sandy.
Mills explained that the Herbicide Awareness and Research Project HARPP) will "allow people to donate a modest amount of money and have their glyphosate levels measured". The levels found in each crowd-funding participant will go into a large database of glyphosate exposure from other participating individuals from around the country.
Selection of scale is perhaps the most important factor in creating and analyzing GIS databases for exposure assessment and epidemiology.
However, the development of exposure databases that are fit for the purpose of risk assessments across geographic scales and for different hazards and types of risks represents a significant challenge.
The regular completion, update, and improvement of exposure databases for both the water and sewage network and the public and private buildings in any city, is a high priority task for which the needed economic resources should be allocated.
An important area of research is the development of exposure databases from remote sensing satellites and computer-based techniques such as crowd-sourcing and drones that can provide highly accurate descriptions of population distributions and physical attributes of the natural and built environment.
