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Values for 'available carbohydrates' in the database were calculated from the amount of total carbohydrates calculated 'by difference' after subtraction of dietary fibre content.
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Age of individuals on the THIN database is calculated from the month and year of birth up to the age of 15 years.
The confidence score in STRING database is calculated from combined and corrected probabilities using different evidence channels for protein-protein interaction, described in [ 117].
Repeated PCI rates due to target vessel revascularisation were identified from the PCI database and subsequent surgical revascularisation rates were calculated from analysis of the surgical database.
Also, mean cumulative dietary flavonoid intakes were calculated from a database developed from recent USDA databases with additional input from other sources (24); however, flavonoid contents of foods can vary depending on growth and processing conditions.
Any costs not sourced from these databases were calculated with advice from a health economist.
For databases with hierarchical group concepts, scores were calculated from groups and by considering the hierarchical topology.
All the cases' and controls' addresses were obtained and geocoded, and the distances were calculated from objective databases free from any recall bias and blind to case/control status.
To evaluate whether a dose response relationship could be seen between rosiglitazone and NMSC, the tertile cutoffs for duration of therapy in months and cumulative dose in mg were calculated from the databases and used for analyses.
To evaluate whether a dose response relationship could be seen between human insulin and breast cancer, tertile cutoffs for the following three variables were used: time since starting human insulin in months, cumulative duration of human insulin therapy in months and cumulative dose of human insulin in units, were calculated from the databases and used for analyses [ 15, 16].
Values of Bi were calculated from the DPC database and data for Ai were obtained from the Survey of Medical Institutions and Hospital Reports, 2010.
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