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The integration of proteomic data into a nucleotide database translated in the six reading frames, in order to improve genome annotation, was first proposed by Yates and co-workers [ 12] and has subsequently been applied at a large genomic scale by many research groups [ 3].
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Because the annotation appeared to be incomplete, we used the first 10 encoded amino acids from the N-terminus of the Ae. aegypti p38 MAPK ortholog (GenBank XP_001653239.1) to query the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) An. gambiae trace archives database (translated in all 6 reading frames) and identified the probable N-terminus of AGAP012148 (Additional File 2).
TBLASTN is a mode of operation for BLAST that aligns protein sequences to a nucleotide database translated in all six frames.
We used beta arrestin, beta arrestin consensus sequences, and diverse opsin proteins to BLAST GenBank protein and DNA databases (translated in all frames).
Therefore, all analyses against the protein databases were also done using FASTY (E-value cutoff: 1.0e-6) a version of FASTA that compares a DNA sequence to a protein sequence database, translates the DNA sequence in three forward (or reverse) frames and allows (in contrast to BLASTX) for frame shifts, maximizing the length of the resulting alignments.
Each DNA genome database was translated in all six frames using the 'transeq' tool from EMBOSS v. 6.4.0.
4. TBLASTN was designed to compare a protein sequence with a nucleotide database dynamically translated in all reading frames.
The flowchart of the analysis is presented in Figure 2. The EST database sequences were translated in six frames prior to search, whereupon the deduced amino acid sequences were converted into polypeptide pattern.
Nucleotide sequences of the C. roseus SRA database were assembled and translated in order to detect putative universal stress proteins (USPs).
All the sequences were translated in six reading frames and aligned to the entries in the selected databases.
Comparing sequences with the NCBI nucleotide database by BlastX, in which the provided sequence is translated in all reading frames which are then compared to the translated nucleotide database, additional information is obtained.
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