These features may have additional value in clinical trials by reducing potential transcribing errors and incomplete data capture, which may affect clinical decisions, patient outcomes, and ultimately study conclusions.
Finally, although there is no heterogeneity between the included studies, patient characteristics including age of the enrolled children and other baseline data are different, which may affect the accuracy of the meta-analysis results.
The cross-over design reduces the impact of differences seen in the baseline characteristics, but we recognise the sample size was small and equipment failure did mean some data was missing, which may affect the validity of the results.
However, the Web of Data is also characterized by various forms of uncertainty, owing to its inherent incompleteness (missing information, uneven data distributions) and noise, which may affect open and distributed architectures.
Our study also lacked specific data on dialysis adequacy, type of vascular access used for HD patients, laboratory data, and medical prescriptions, which may affect survival particularly in patients with LC.
Third, data regarding concurrent medication, which may affect bone turnover and serum osteocalcin levels, including calcium supplements, vitamin D supplements, and osteoporosis medications, were not determined.
Further, it is reported that the reflectivity of lunar reflectors shows degradation by a factor of 10 or more (Murphy et al. 2010), which may affect data accuracy and productivity.
Limitations of this study include data from a single centre which may affect the generalizability of our findings.
EHRs suffer from data quality problems [ 11- 13], which may affect the internal validity of retrospective studies.
