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These data were not validated by death certificate, and smoking information of relatives was not obtained.
First, the self-reported ED visit data were not validated against the subjects' medical records.
Although physician (including outpatient visits) data were not validated as part of this study, the findings are still important.
Although a recent study by te Velde et al. [ 8] used 20,000 transcript microarrays, the data were not validated.
Although c-Met expression by IHC and/or fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis was performed on archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens, the data were not validated and therefore not reliable to present here.
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QOF was not designed as a research tool, and the data are not validated externally.
Third, our assessment of hypoglycaemia using Day 1 data is not validated.
In the 3′-ETS/IGS noncoding region, one indel using the Roche-454 data was not validated by Illumina data.
The validation process in the CMPD includes logic, range and consistency checks, although data are not validated against an independent, external source.
We collected data via self-reports that were not validated by other means, such as observational data or dental records abstraction.
However, the above approaches mostly deal with small groups in relatively low density conditions; those dealing with relatively large groups (tens of pedestrians) were not validated against real data.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com