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All patient co-morbidity data was identified using the International Classification of Disease 10th revision (ICD-10) codes, and these were used to calculate the Charlson co-morbidity index for each patient as a separate variable [12].
In brief, the fastICA algorithm was applied after the optimal number of sources explaining the variance in the data was identified using PCA with MDL criterion (Li et al., 2007).
The most likely number of clusters represented by the AFLP data was identified using the method described in Evanno et al. (2005) and implemented in HARVESTER software (Earl and vonHoldt 2012), which calculates Δ K as the second-order rate of change of the log probability of the data.
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Corrected LST and NDVI, which indicate a strong relationship with the land-cover data, were identified using scattergrams.
Prescription medication data were identified using Medicare Part D. Using fill dates, we identified the date of the initial prescription for antihypertensive therapy (index date).
HUs for the core data were identified using three popular correlations such as Kozeny Carmen (KC) equation, Nooruddin and Hossain equation, and the power law flow unit equation.
RSNs and structured artifacts in the data were identified using MELODIC (Multivariate Exploratory Linear Optimized Decomposition into Independent Components [55], FSL's implementation of ICA (Independent Component Analysis [56]).
The base case costing scenario assumed that in the IPTi study cohort all suspected cases of malaria received an RDT at a unit cost of US$0.75 [10] In the absence of data, it is assumed that 50% of all malaria diagnoses recorded in the HMIS data were identified using microscopy at a unit cost of USD0.27 [10] and the other 50% were treated presumptively.
Significant differences between survival data were identified using the log-rank test (Lawless, 1982).
Biological pathways enriched in the data were identified using IPA software (Ingenuity Systems, Redwood City, CA).
Tandem repeats in the genome sequence data were identified using Tandem Repeats Finder [ 43].
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