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Some of the data are not easily verified independently due to their commercial or grey literature origin, though a ranking system of data trustworthiness and quality is used to improve overall data quality (Wirtz, 2009, pers. comm).
To ensure data trustworthiness and that comprehensive valid data were collected, multiple discussions were undertaken and data collection continued until theoretical sufficiency was achieved and confirmed [ 24].
Methodological limitations of the qualitative studies included a lack of information about data trustworthiness and none of the researchers informed readers about their use of reflexive practice.
In order to ensure data trustworthiness and credibility, various steps were taken including member checking, peer examination and independent data coding.
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Such techniques are a critical factor for assessing data trustworthiness in unprotected and large-scale distributed systems of small devices, such as sensors and IoT devices.
We achieved data trustworthiness through collection and review of field notes by the trained research assistant at each focus group session, as noted above.
On the contrary, the summarization technique introduced in this paper is performed locally and data trustworthiness is regulated using rewards.
These guiding principles aim to address potential pitfalls, ensure ethical data management, trustworthiness and credibility of the data, and the integrity of researcher-decision-maker partnerships.
Provenance is a key factor for assessing data trustworthiness as provenance records the history of data acquisition and ownership, and the actions performed on the data while being processed and transmitted across the WSN.
Even if some provenance blocks are lost during transmission, the BS can decode the provenance at a certain granularity, and therefore assess the data trustworthiness at such a granularity.
In addition, we followed rigorous qualitative methodology, by using trained moderators who were not otherwise invested in the project, and employing independent coding by two individuals and interpretation by three individuals to ensure data trustworthiness [ 35].
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