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Measures included demographic, clinical (includes diagnosis and comorbidity data), smoking history, confidence questionnaire, stress, depression, and quality of life.
Where available we collected additional details including serial lung function data, smoking history, use of ambulatory or long term oxygen therapy (LTOT) and shuttle walk distance for selected patients from the coordinating centre for this study (MFT).
Concerning the independent variables, we emphasize that we could not obtain any variable that comprises clinical data (e.g. disease activity, severity grade of a disease, symptom scores, laboratory test results, quality-of-life data, smoking status, and body mass index) owing to data protection regulations.
The chi-square test was used for ordinal data (smoking, sex, number of responders).
According to World Health Organization data, smoking has become a serious global public health problem.
Birth weight, gestational age and other perinatal and maternal data (smoking during pregnancy, preeclampsia) were collected from hospital records.
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Data on smoking, including changes in smoking habits during pregnancy, were also obtained.
Missing data on smoking are replaced with non-smoking status.
It also produced some of the first data linking smoking to birth defects.
Perhaps they also feel there is insufficient data linking smoking to lung cancer.
Reliable data on smoking status were available for 69%% of fracture cases.
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