In the dynamic state evaluation of catenary system, the involved dynamic measurement data are actually the reflection of pantograph catenary dynamic characteristics.
Users who do not wish to preserve their carefully measured data for posterity in this way have criticized the embedding of the reflection data on the grounds that (a) the resulting CIF is too large for submission with a paper for publication and that (b) certain CIF-processing programs take a long time to read such a CIF and may even choke in the attempt.
The derivate-like signal of this reflection loss is responsible for the shifting of the amide I peak in the T data shown in Table 1, but it also explains the shift between the T and R spectra and smearing of the reflection data across PC2 in the combined PCA of R and T data of Fig. 5a, c.
It is difficult to understand why several leading chemical journals still only require the deposition of the atom coordinates, etc., but not the reflection data, especially now that the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD; Allen, 2002 ▶) accepts the new CIFs and strongly encourages deposition of the reflection data.
In practice, it is this that can cause the wide spreading of the reflection data in the combined PCA analysis as shown in Fig. 5.
A total of 5% of the reflection data were set aside using the Freerflag program in CCP4 and used for the calculation of Rfree.
Here we present three-dimensional seismic reflection data of the Costa Rica subduction zone that image a shallow megathrust fault characterized by corrugated, and chaotic and weakly corrugated topographies.
Transmission or reflection data of the samples with uniform layers are averaged across the whole sample, while for the 70 × 5 cm long gradient samples the data was only averaged in the direction perpendicular to the thickness gradient.
An integrated study of the Chad Basin Nigeria has been carried out using heat flow, Bouguer gravity anomaly, depth to basement maps and interpreted seismic reflection data of the area.
In the raw data sections, the reflections of interest were hidden by significant environmental noise with frequencies that overlapped those of the transmitted pulses and varied from trace to trace.
