The separatist group has also kidnapped at least 20 people viewed as supportive of the state, although data on kidnappings are imprecise.
No data is provided on virtual kidnappings as no kidnapping actually occurred.
Collecting such data can enable 'aoristic analysis' of kidnapping events, which "generates a crime occurrence probability at any given time that can be mapped or visualized graphically" (Ratcliffe 2002, p. 23).
Live access is generally used in immediate danger scenarios such as a kidnapping, where rapid access to communications data can aid an investigation in real time.
The data considered crimes like rape, sexual harassment, trafficking and kidnapping.
"Some people say the phenomenon of bride kidnapping is going down, but without official data, it's hard to say," says Dauletova.
The fear was based on real data as since between 2003 and 2012, 68 Westerners had been kidnapped in the Sahara region, 50% between 2008 12.
Since most 911 calls today are from mobile phones, location data that could be crucial for saving a life or finding a kidnap victim is often unavailable to the emergency operator.
The interview data also reflects the parents' strong reluctance and the helpless feeling of being kidnapped by emotions.
The People's Kifah study exemplifies the dangers involved in data collection related to conflict settings, as they reported that the study was terminated due to the kidnapping of a data collector.
