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This approach can be employed effectively to build language-independent STD systems, since prior knowledge of the language involved in the speech data is not necessary.
This pipeline is roughly divided into four levels (Levels 0 3), because returning to raw data is not necessary, for example, when calibration and geometry-correction techniques are improved.
Other advantage is that QbE STD can be employed for building language-independent STD systems [7 10], since prior knowledge of the language involved in the speech data is not necessary.
On the other hand, QbE STD can be also employed for building language-independent STD systems [7, 8], which is mandatory when no or very limited training data are available to build a reliable speech recognition system, since a priori knowledge of the language involved in the speech data is not necessary.
The fit of the tree is examined using the data not in the bootstrap selection; hence, cross-validation with external data is not necessary.
Reference data is not necessary for this type of modeling, however, a good estimation of starting concentrations helps.
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Imputation of missing data was not necessary and the cases were removed.
Noninvasive Logan analysis (distribution volume ratio) [6] requires late-phase (equilibrium-phase) PET data, whereas late-phase data are not necessary for 3P++ analysis.
When raw data are not necessary, on-board processing and feature extraction can reduce the energy consumption without compromising the efficacy of the data.
However, such big sensory data are not necessary for most applications of WSNs, and only a small subset containing critical data points may be enough for analysis, where the critical data points including the extremum and inflection data points of the monitored physical world during given period.
Per the CDC/NHSN definition, microbiological data are not necessary for the diagnosis.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com