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While we acknowledge that association does not necessarily indicate causation, these data support the hypothesis that high GGT in an early post-LT setting may be a marker of some protective process.
While association does not imply causation, data indicate that in low and middle-income countries, SBA is six times more likely among women who attended ANC at least once during pregnancy than among women who did not attend at all [ 11].
Now, as any student of statistics knows, correlation doesn't necessarily indicate causation.
The report's sponsors make the classic mistake that statistical correlation indicates causation in relation to both these health problems and obesity.
In a path analysis, single arrows indicate causation between intermediary and dependent variable.
It is also important to keep in mind that correlation does not necessarily indicate causation.
Although correlation does not indicate causation, a varying adhesive state is a biologically plausible and necessary mechanism for cell migration.
These data may emphasize the importance of considering highly local linkage disequilibrium within KIR in genetic association studies because an association with a KIR locus or allele may indicate causation, linkage, or causation through epistatic interactions between linked loci.
The observational design cannot indicate causation or account for the effects of unmeasured confounding.
Our data suggest that alcohol consumption does decrease consistent condom use, and although the data indicate an association, they do not reveal causation.
Data indicate mean ± SEM.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com