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Information concerning smoking habits was collected from the Medical Birth Register (data included from 1982) and completed by data from the antenatal records.
Data from the antenatal clinic at Kilifi District Hospital have shown an HIV prevalence of 5 to 7% over the past five years, but geographically stratified data are lacking.
However, as smoking was not included in the Medical Birth Register until 1982 and earlier data from the antenatal records were incomplete, information on smoking was missing for 37% of the study population.
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Women who attended for antenatal booking at the JW Hospital, between October 2012 and May 2013 were approached and informed of the study via an advert leaflet for recruitment with triangulation of data collection from the antenatal record.
We retrieved data from the standardised antenatal and obstetric records used throughout Sweden, CTG recordings from during labour, and the neonatal case records.
Data from the first antenatal booking interviews were linked to the electronic delivery record and neonatal records with information on the neonate up until the first hospital discharge.
Urban data were collected from the antenatal clinic of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) hospital in Kumasi (capital of the Ashanti region), and rural data were collected from antenatal clinics of government health facilities in Kintampo, Techiman, Nkoranza, Busunya, Akuma and Dawadawa in the Brong-Ahafo region of Ghana.
The prenatal/antenatal data were obtained from the antenatal cards of mothers.
Socio-demographic and obstetric background data were collected from the antenatal and delivery records.
A structured protocol was drawn up before the review, including clinical data from the standardised Swedish antenatal, obstetric and neonatal records, fetal surveillance with cardiotocographic (CTG) monitoring, fetal blood sampling (FBS), the partogram (i.e. recording of signs of dystocia during labour) and use of oxytocin.
Data from the Tigray Health Bureau have estimated the antenatal care coverage in these two districts to be 53% and 80%, compared to the skilled (28%and13%3% respectively) and clean/safe delivery attendance (21% and 9.5% respectively) [ 29].
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