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Comparison with normative data was made using Students' t tests, since raw data for the norm groups were not available, and only mean and standard deviations were available.
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Spatial models will become more important as geolocated data become the norm for infectious disease.
Bad data is the norm.
These adjusted norm data for the eight multi-item scales were used to calculate the standardized Physical (PCS) and Mental (MCS) Component Summary scores [ 33].
To fill this gap, the aim of this study is to assess reliability and construct validity and provide Dutch norm data for the Dutch PedsQL_YA ages 18 30 years.
In the Netherlands, no HRQOL instruments that can be used from childhood into adulthood are available; norm data for the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales have only been collected for children from 5 until 18 years old [ 24].
Age-comparable unadjusted MCS and PCS scores for the Millennium Cohort were higher in comparison with data for the 1998 US general population norms for most age categories [ 34].
Data for the IRI are well within published norms (as reported in detail in [5]), while the sample mean for the ECS was slightly below the norm average.
Large data sets are the norm.
Managing terabytes of data will be the norm.
This is particularly true as data encryption becomes the norm.
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