Second, perhaps reflective of this, evidence in Neumark and Wascher (2011) may suggest that in more recent data the distributional effects of minimum wages are more favorable, as Dube (Minimum wages and the distribution of family incomes, Unpublished) argues.
Methods currently used to estimate breeding values using high-density SNP genotype data apply distributional constraints to the estimated SNP effects to avoid over-fitting [ 24].
However, it is unclear from the present data whether distributional or response factors are the main drivers of the observed asymmetry in wagering criteria.
Prior to the 1990s, hypotheses were based primarily on distributions of presumed sister species, disjunctions of species' distributions, fossil distributional data, and paleoenvironmental reconstructions [e.g. 14].
A great deal of information, including synonymies and distributional data is obtained from relevant literature and website databases as well.
The aquatic and nocturnal habits of G. pyrenaicus make it difficult to detect [43], so we considered the distributional data as presence-only data [44].
The second method is the Bayesian island biogeography (BIB) model developed by Sanmartín et al. (2008), which uses Bayesian inference to estimate areas' carrying capacities and rates of dispersal between islands from phylogenetic and distributional data of multiple co-distributed groups.
Given the exponential growth of distributional data [2], [3], the necessity for procedures and bioinformatics tools to facilitate data management, reduce data complexity, and find general patterns from distributional point records has increased.
All major museums in Brazil and abroad were the source of taxonomic and distributional data, coupled with an extensive list of primary literature data (including more than 540 cited references).
Complementary genetic datasets for mammals occupying this region remain sparse, which makes it difficult to distinguish between the relative influence of environmental and topographic factors in governing diversification and population structuring of mammals, particularly primates where distributional data are generally the only information available.
