Methodology: The data collection scoping exercise was sourced at the national and at the subnational level.
"We don't know what the geographical scope is, and we don't know what the data-collection scope is".
"The nature of the data, the processes behind data collection, and the scope of the analysis differ between business intelligence and physical science, but the questions are surprisingly similar.
Where there has been a tighter definition of a specific impairment or symptom such as has been used in the COPCORD programme (Community-Oriented Program for the Control of Rheumatic Diseases) [6] then it has been possible to standardise a data collection methodology, with scope for international comparison.
The short time period for the evaluation coupled with the numerous approvals required to conduct the study restricted the time available for data collection and the scope to employ alternative methods to improve survey response.
It may be possible with data collection beyond the scope of this work to parse out the impact of specific exam formats and/or different instructional practices on student achievement, and these are potential areas of future research.
Unfortunately, retrospective records are deficient and a prospective data collection was beyond the scope of this study.
We conclude with a number of 'lessons learned' about further improvements to the APPE, easier data collection procedures and expanded scope of future enhanced APPE.
12 The strengths of this study included its large sample size, record-based data collection, a broad geographic scope, and a prolonged period of surveillance (11 respiratory disease seasons).
With respect to understanding the scope and reach of substandard and falsified medicines, the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a monitoring and surveillance system dedicated to improving global intelligence and data collection to assess the scope, scale, and harm caused by such products.
These data sets vary in breadth of coverage (national to regional), funding source (private to national government funded), mechanism of data collection (continuous, post hoc), and scope of data collected.
