Data Collection: Information on parental education was obtained through questionnaires to parents and back pain information through standardized interviews with the children.
Conversion of data into useful knowledge is represented by a knowledge exchange chain comprising a series of cycles, each divided into data collection, information production, reporting, verification and synthesis stages.
We indicated and summarized the problems faced by current big data studies with regard to data collection, processing and analysis: inauthentic data collection, information incompleteness and noise of big data, unrepresentativeness, consistency and reliability, and ethical issues.
In addition, the disturbance handling systems in these organizations, in terms of data collection, information processing, information sharing, and decision making, are found to be relatively weak and very informal.
Primary data collection: information obtained through semi-structured interviews and focus groups.
YCF carried out the database development, design, data collection, information extraction from the literature, programming and drafted the manuscript.
During data collection, information was displayed at the University of Mainz in German and Poland verifying the scientific background of the study.
Detailed sampling plans, data collection information and data quality assurance are available in the DHS 2006 survey final reports at http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/pnds/index.php.gov.br/bvs/pnds/index.php
